Soccer

 

Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played with a spherical ball between two teams of 11 players. It is played by approximately 250 million players in over 200 countries and dependencies, making it the world's most popular sport. The game is played on a rectangular field called a pitch with a goal at each end. The object of the game is to outscore the opposition by moving the ball beyond the goal line into the opposing goal. The team with the higher number of goals wins the game.

Football is played in accordance with a set of rules known as the Laws of the Game. The ball is 68–70 cm (27–28 in) in circumference and known as the football. The two teams each compete to get the ball into the other team's goal (between the posts and under the bar), thereby scoring a goal. The team that has scored more goals at the end of the game is the winner; If both teams have scored an equal number of goals then the game is a draw.

History of the game of football

Football is a common name for playing with an airy foot ball. In the United States, it is called Soccar. There is disagreement about the origin of the game of football. This game with different names was prevalent in ancient, Egypt, Persia, Babylon, Greece and China. However, modern football has developed in England. Towards the end of the Middle Ages, English athlete JC Thring made the first rules of the game.

It is thought that football was first introduced by the Greeks and Romans around 350 BC. The ancient Greeks and Romans played a variety of games with balls, some of which were played using the feet. The Greek playwrights Antiphanes (388–311 BC) and Clement of Alexandria (c.150-c.215 AD) mentioned ball in their writings. This game was like playing rugby football. It was shaped like a balloon. This ball was made by filling the air inside the leather bag. The name of this game was Episkyros. The Roman game Harpastum comes from this early Greek game. According to Roman politician Cicero (106–43 BC), a man was killed by a ball while saving in a barber shop during the game.But FIFA has previously recognized the ancient Greek game Episkyros (ἐπίσκυρος) as the prototype of the game of football. . But as a competitive sport, Ju cuju has been recognized by FIFA as the first football game. In the third and second centuries BC, the Chinese played a supporting role in military training. The Chinese military text Zhan Guo Ce (written between the 3rd and 1st centuries BC) is synonymous with football. The name cuju is found in the description of military exercises in this text. Note that cuju means kick ball. In this game a leather ball was kicked with the foot. In this game, small circuits were made of silk cloth and attached to bamboo 9 meters above the ground.The rules of the game of cuju were established in China during the Han Dynasty of China (206-220 AD). The Chinese military text Zhan Guo Ce (written between the 3rd and 1st centuries BC) is synonymous with football. The name cuju is found in the description of military exercises in this text. Note that cuju means kick ball. In this game a leather ball was kicked with the foot. In this game, small circuits were made of silk cloth and attached to bamboo 9 meters above the ground. The rules of the game of cuju were established in China during the Han Dynasty of China (206-220 AD). The Chinese military text Zhan Guo Ce (written between the 3rd and 1st centuries BC) is synonymous with football.The name cuju is found in the description of military exercises in this text. Note that cuju means kick ball. In this game a leather ball was kicked with the foot. In this game, small circuits were made of silk cloth and attached to bamboo 9 meters above the ground. The rules of the game of cuju were established in China during the Han Dynasty of China (206-220 AD).

Over time the game spread to Korea and Japan and gained popularity. In Japan, the name of this game is Kemari.The rule of thumb was that some people would kick the ball inside a circular field, but they would not try to let the ball fall to the ground. In Korea its name is chuk-guk.Somehow the national game of football was prevalent among the indigenous people of Greenland. In 158, English explorer John Davis spoke of playing football with the Inuit of Greenland. Indigenous Australians have been kicking and playing ball in Australia for a long time. Inside the Māori in New Zealand, the name of the game was Ki-o-rahi.The rules of the game were to divide a circular field into several parts, with one team in each section and each team having 6 players and a circular boundary in the middle of the field. In this game,

The earliest forms of modern football were created in England. The game is mentioned in the book Historia Brittonum, written in the 9th century AD. The first ball to be played in England was called 'mob football'. In this game, there were innumerable players in two teams and they could score points if they could push a ball hard and take it to a certain place. The game was then played in neighboring villages or towns. The game was considered an integral part of various social and religious ceremonies. According to John McCrocan, he was a spectator at a football match in Ireland in 1306. The name of the ball that was played in Florence, Italy in the sixteenth century was "calcio storico".Many believe that this game was the earliest form of modern football. This game had a maximum of 26 players. However, sometimes this number was made up of 15 or 20 people. There were 5 goalkeepers inside.In 1848, prominent football players of the time met in Cambridge to change the rules and regulations of the game. But no special rules have been laid down yet regarding the number of players. In 180 AD, it was decided that each team would have 11 players, including a goalkeeper, so it can be said that the journey of modern football started from 180 AD. According to this law, the game was played between England and Scotland on March 5, 180 AD.including a goalkeeper, so it can be said that the journey of modern football started from 180 AD. According to this law, the game was played between England and Scotland on March 5, 180 AD. including a goalkeeper, so it can be said that the journey of modern football started from 180 AD. According to this law, the game was played between England and Scotland on March 5, 180 AD.

Between Scotland and England under the New Testament in 182. It was the first international football game recognized by FIFA. The result of the game was 0-0.

The first use of the cross on the side pole of the goal began in 175 AD.

In 17 AD, the length of the first football field was fixed at 90 minutes.

The first use of nets at goalposts was in 1890.

The first pelanti kick was introduced in 1891. In the 1900's, football was held as an exhibition sport at the Olympics. However, no prize was allocated for this.

The International Football Federation was formed on 21 May 1904. The original French name is Federation Internationale de Football Association. FIFA for short. This year also the Olympics are held as an exhibition sport. And no prizes were allocated.

The 1908 Olympics were held on unconditional football Olympics. And no prizes were allocated. This year, FIFA came out of the Olympics in Switzerland and organized a different international football competition.

At the 1908 Olympics, football became the first official sport. This competition was for amateur players. England won the Olympics with the participation of the national amateur football team.

In 1909, Sir Thomas Lipton organized a football tournament in his name in Turin. Various football clubs participated in this event. However, these clubs were from different countries. So many people call this competition as the first World Cup football. West Auckland won the game.

West Auckland won the 'Sir Thomas Lipton' competition in 1911, and according to the rules of the game, they carried the trophy forever.

The 1912 Olympics were won by the England national amateur football team.

In 1914, FIFA agreed to recognize the football competition held at the Olympic Games as the "Amateur World Football Championship" and took over the management of the competition.

The 1920 Summer Olympics hosted the world's first intercontinental football tournament. Egypt and thirteen European teams took part in it. Belgium won the gold medal.

In 1924, Uruguay won gold in the Olympic football competition.

The first boot was used in football in 1928.

In 1928, Uruguay won gold for the second time in the Olympic football competition. This year, FIFA decided to hold its own international competition outside the Olympics.

In 1928, for the first time, Arsenal's board of directors decided to number the players' clothing to make it easier to recognize them. At that time the jersey number of the host team was 1-11 and the number of the visiting team was 12-22. In 1940 it was decided that the same number could be taken by the players of the opposing team but the number should be up to 1-22. In 1993, the name of the player was first written on the jersey and it was decided that any number of players could take it.

Uruguay was selected as the host country for the first World Cup in 1930. The competition started on 13th July. Uruguay is the winner of this competition. France's Lucien Laurent scored the first goal of the World Cup against Mexico.

The 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles were planned to exclude football. Because football (soccer) was not popular in the United States then. American football (rugby football) was popular there instead of football. There is also disagreement between FIFA and the IOC over the status of amateur sports. As a result, football was eliminated from the Olympics.

In 1951, it was included in the Asian Games.

The first World Cup was televised in 1954. It is currently the most popular show on television. Even more people watch the World Cup than the Olympic Games.

Each World Cup has had its own mascot since 1986. World Cup Wiley was used as the first World Cup mascot at the 1986 World Cup.

History of FIFA

FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) is the international governing body of football association, futsal and beach soccer. It is one of the world's oldest and largest NGOs, being founded on 21 May 1904. It has since expanded to include 211 member associations.

List of presidents of FIFA

No.	President	Nationality	Presidency
1	Robert Guérin	France	1904–1906
2	Daniel Burley Woolfall	England	1906–1918
-	Cornelis Hirschman  (acting)	Netherlands	1918–1921
3	Jules Rimet	France	1921–1954
4	Rodolphe Seeldrayers	Germany	1954–1955
5	Arthur Drewry	England	1955–1961
6	Sir Stanley Rous	England	1961–1974
7	Dr João Havelange	Brazil	1974–1998
8	Sepp Blatter	Switzerland	1998–2015
-	Issa Hayatou  (acting)	Cameroon	2015–2016
9	Gianni Infantino	Switzerland / Italy	2016 - present

List of secretaries general of FIFA

Secretary General	Nationality	Term
Louis Muhlinghaus	Belgium	1904–1906
Cornelis August Wilhelm Hirschman	Netherlands	1906–1931
Dr. Ivo Schricker	Germany	1932–1951
Kurt Gassmann	Switzerland	1951–1960
Dr. Helmut Käser	Switzerland	1961–1981
Sepp Blatter	Switzerland	1981–1998
Michel Zen-Ruffinen	Switzerland	1998–2002
Urs Linsi	Switzerland	2002–2007
Jérôme Valcke	France	2007–2015
Markus Kattner  (acting)	Germany	2015–2016
Fatma Samoura	Senegal	2016 - present

World Cup Tournaments

• 1930 Uruguay
• 1934 Italy
• 1938 France
• 1950 Brazil
• 1954 Switzerland
• 1958 Sweden
• 1962 Chile
• 1966 England
• 1970 Mexico
• 1974 West Germany
• 1978 Argentina
• 1982 Spain
• 1986 Mexico
• 1990 Italy
• 1994 United States
• 1998 France
• 2002 Korea / Japan
• 2006 Germany
• 2010 South Africa
• 2014 Brazil
• 2018 Russia

World Cup 1930

In 1929, it was decided that the first ever World Cup would take place in Uruguay from 13 July to 30 July 1930. Thirteen nations would be participating after accepting invitations - no qualifications took place. In 18 matches, 70 goals would be scored including the first hat-trick in World Cup history by Guillermo Stábile. When the tournament was over, Uruguay had been crowned as the first World Cup champions. 

Background

At the time for the event, an economic depression took place in Europe. The travel expenses hindered some teams and many of the European players were reluctant to leave their countries on a long trip, fearing that they would lose their jobs - this was long before it became normal with football players playing for a living.

The idea that professionals would be allowed caused a lot of controversy and aversion (only amateur players were traditionally allowed in the Olympics). That was the reason for Denmark and Germany to refuse to take part. Of prestigious reasons England would also refrain from participation. For a while it looked like none of the Europeanans countries would make the trip to Uruguay and the first World Cup was in danger.

In the end three European nations would send their teams to Uruguay. Unfortunately, none of these were among the highest ranked teams. Many of the best European teams would be absent, such as Austria, England, Hungary, Italy and Spain. The European teams that finally traveled over the Atlantic would be helped economically by Uruguay that at the time was a country with great economy.

The host team Uruguay was the favorite to win. They had won the Paris Olympics 1924 and in Amsterdam Olympics 1928. But on the other side had the closest rival Argentina won the South American Championship in 1929. The national team of Brazil had not yet become the powerhouse that it would later be and would arrive. . . to the first World Cup ill prepared (due to internal disputes, they were only represented by players from Carioca).

Besides not being the best team from the continent, the Europeanans teams would also suffer from the travel conditions: ten days on a boat without a chance for training. The reason a group phase was taken into practice (which was not done in the Olympics) was actually to give the long distanced guests the pleasure to at least play two games.

Format

The tournament was played with a group phase followed by semi-finals and a final (a match for third place wasn't played).

Tournament

An old rivalry between Uruguay and Argentina was expressed without questions by the majority of the audience booing the guests in their first match against France to the extent that the Argentines treated to leave the tournament. The president of Uruguay had to mediate. Yet, it was in the last match in the group between Argentina and Chile that things really got out of hand. The most players of both teams got involved in a large scrimmage after an incident between two players. After a break the match continued and Argentina won the match and also the group.

Yugoslavia and USA would surprise many by winning their groups and advance to the semi-finals. USA that had been humiliated by the Argentinians in the 1928 Olympics with 11-2 would once again be crushed by them in the semi-finals, this time by 6-1. On behalf of the Americans pride, it should be added that two of their players were injured and - as the bizarre rule at this time dictated - were not allowed to be replaced.

Uruguay would defeat Romania and Peru in their group and then beat Yugoslavia by a large margin in the semi-finals. The result would not reflect the game to a full extent, however. Yugoslavia that had taken the lead had one goal disallowed by a strange decision from the referee and two of Uruguay's first goals were approved in unconvincing circumstances.

In the final they faced the archenemy Argentina who also had their opponents in the final in the 1928 Olympics tournament. In the presence of over 80,000 people at Estadio Centenario in Montevideo (the attendance figures are debated: the official attendance was 68,346, but it was undoubtedly more people watching the game and some sources claim it was over 90,000 people), Uruguay could pull off another victory with four goals against two after Argentina had had a 2-1 lead. The football players of the Uruguay team would renew their status as the pride of the nation.

Participating teams:

Argentina

Belgium

Brazil

Bolivia

Chile

France

Mexico

Paraguay

Peru

Romania

United States

Uruguay

Yugoslavia

1st, 2nd and 3rd places

Uruguay

Argentina

Yugoslavia / United States

Top scorers

Guillermo Stábile (8 goals)

Pedro Cea (5 goals)

Guillermo Subiabre (4 goals)

Cities and arenas

• Montevideo (Estadio Centenario)
• Montevideo (Estadio Gran Parque Central)
• Montevideo (Estadio Pocitoseight)

Results

Uruguay would defeat Argentina in the final with 4-2.

The champion team of Uruguay:

Enrique Ballestero (Goalkeeper)

Ernesto Mascheroni (Defender)

Joséo Nasazzi (Defender)

José Leandro Andrade (Midfielder)

Lorenzo Fernández (Midfielder)

Valvaro Gestido (Midfielder)

Héctor Scarone (Forward)

Pablo Dorado (Forward)

Pedro Cea (Forward)

Santos Iriartre (Forward)

Héctor Castro (Forward)

Head coach: Alberto Suppici

World Cup 1934

The second World Cup in football took place in Italy between 27 May and 10 June. In total, 16 teams were participating after proceeding to a qualification phase that had included 36 teams, also the host nation was forced to take part in the qualification. The reigning Uruguay was on the other hand directly qualified, but declined to participate in the protest due to the fact many European teams refrained from travel to South America four years ago when Uruguay had been World Cup host. Neither was Great Britain represented with any team since they had decided not to join FIFA.

Background

At the time the FIFA World Cup 1934 was arranged Italy, the host nation, was run by Benito Mussolinis fascism party. Il Duce that had founded Seria A (the Italian football club league) a few years earlier, would take the chance to spread some political propaganda and according to some record he had also some influence over the outcome. A day before Italy's match against Austria, he had a dinner with the Swedish referee Ivan Eklind and in the following match there were situations in which the referee could have favored the Italians. Eklind would also be the referee in the final instead for the Belgian referee that had been elected earlier.Even in this match it could be argued that the Italians were favored to be the referee.The reasons for Uruguay to decline participation was also grounded on political circumstances. Also,

Format

The matches would be played in eight cities and on eight stadiums (see “Cities and stadiums” box for overview). The final would be played in Rome on Stadio Nazionale PNF that had a capacity of 47,300. The stadium that had its name associated with the fascism, PNF was an abbreviation for Partito Nazionale Fascista.

Tournament

Just like the previous World Cup tournament, some matches were stirred up by ruction on the field. The most scandalous scenes were probably when the Hungarian players surrounded the referee after the match against Austria and blamed him for their defeat. The Quarter-final between and Italy and Spain, was another extraordinary event, with a mix of extreme brutally (including several fights) with top class football. After a draw a replay would follow, which Spain lost. The Spanish goalkeeper Zamora was out of service in the second match due to all mean treatment from the Italians in the first matchIn Uruguay 1930 all teams had used the 2-3-5 formation. In this World Cup two different systems would be used: WM and the Metodo. The metodo,

Participating teams

• Argentina
• Austria
• Belgium
• Brazil
• Czechoslovakia
• Egypt
• France
• Germany
• Hungary
• Italy
• Netherlands
• Romania
• Spain
• Sweden
• Switzerland
• United States

Cities and stadiums

• Bologna (Stadio Littoriale)
• Florence (Stadio Giovanni Berta)
• Genoa (Stadio Luigi Ferraris)
• Milan (San Siro)
• Naples (Stadio Giorgio Ascarelli)
• Rome (National Stadium PNF)
• Trieste (Stadio Littorio)
• Turin (Stadio Benito Mussolini)

Stats

FIFA World Cup 1934 would give the audience lots of goals. In total 70 goals were made in only 17 matches, 4.11 goals per match. One player was sent off during the tournament.

Results

First round, places 9-19: United States, Brazil, France, Egypt, Romania, Netherlands, Belgium, Argentina.

Quarter-finals, places 5-8: Spain, Hungary, Switzerland, Sweden.

In the match of third place Germany would beat Austria with 3-2.

The final was played between Italy and Czechoslovakia. Czechoslovakia would take the lead in the second half, but Italy would equalize and extra time would be needed to decide the outcome. Five minutes into the extra time Angelo Schiavio would score for Italy and the match would eventually end 2-1.Italy would be granted as the second World Cup champions.

1st, 2nd and 3rd places

• Italy
• Czechoslovakia
• Germany

Top scorers

• Oldrich Nejedly (5 goals)
• Angelo Schiavio (4 goals)
• Edmund Conen (4 goals)

The squad of Italy (champions):

Giuseppe Cavanna (Goalkeeper)

Gianpiero Combi (Goalkeeper)

Guido Masetti (Goalkeeper)

Luigi Allemandi (Defender)

Umberto Caligaris (Defender)

Eraldo Monzeglio (Defender)

Virginio Rosetta (Defender)

Luigi Bertolini (Midfielder)

Armando Castellazzi (Midfielder)

Attilio Ferraris (Midfielder)

Giuseppe Meazza (Midfielder)

Luis Monti (Midfielder)

Mario Pizziolo (Midfielder)

Mario Varglien (Midfielder)

Pietro Arcari (Forward)

Felice Borel (Forward)

Attilio Demaria (Forward)

Giovanni Ferrari (Forward)

Enrique Guaita (Forward)

Anfilogino Guarisi (Forward)

Raimundo Orsi (Forward)

Angelo Schiavio (Forward)

Vittorio Pozzo (Head coach)